The case of Manitok Energy shows just how easy the Alberta Energy Regulator makes it for oil and gas executives to dump their environmental liabilities onto the Alberta public.
When the oil and gas company Manitok Energy went out of business in 2018, it sent tens of millions of dollars worth of environmental liabilities to the Orphan Well Association or OWA, the non-profit agency responsible for cleaning up the environmental messes left behind by bankrupt oil and gas companies. But less than a year later, a new company with a different name but the same CEO was able to acquire all of Manitok's remaining non-orphan well assets--while dumping the liabilities on the rest of us--and all with the tacit blessing of the Alberta Energy Regulator or AER. And while the OWA is supposed to be industry funded it is now majority funded by public money due to recently receiving hundreds of millions of dollars worth of taxpayer dollars.
Manitok Energy and its subsidiaries defaulted on their loan payments and went into receivership in February 2018, according to the most recent receivership report, which is dated Nov. 8, 2019. The receiver, in this case an accounting firm called Alvarez & Marsel Canada, is appointed to sell the remaining assets of the company in order to pay outstanding debt.
In November 2018, Manitok’s primary assets were sold to Persist Oil & Gas; the president and director of Persist Energy is Mass Geremia, the very same CEO of Manitok.
Mass Geremia's LinkedIn
Persist was formed late-February 2018, according to the company’s Sedar profile. The phone number listed for Persist is the same as the one provided for Manitok, which is out of service, as are the emails listed for each company. According to the Orphan Well Association’s April 2020 inventory, Manitok has left behind 181 wells, 31 facilities and 282 pipelines.
Progress Alberta reached out to Manitok/Persist's Mass Geremia for comment, but he did not respond to our questions before our publishing deadline.
Regan Boychuk, an independent researcher with the Alberta Liabilities Disclosure Project says broke energy companies are using the OWA as a recycling depot for their decommissioning costs while the owners move on. This is essentially “standard operating procedure” in the industry, which he attributes to the AER being a captured regulator.
"It's not supposed to be legal," Boychuk told Progress Alberta. But it's a frustratingly common scheme. Many Albertan farmers have seen companies like Manitok come in, run up huge bills, and then evaporate. The public get left with the bill, the farmer gets stuck with a deteriorating oil well on their property that OWA may or may not get around to cleaning up, and next season the same people are back to do it again under a different corporate name.
There were multiple opportunities for the AER to shut Manitok's own maneuver down. The agreement between Persist and Manitok was amended twice--in December 2018 to add and remove various assets in the Carseland, Rockyford, Wayne and Wildcat Hills areas, and on March 29, 2019, to remove the Nisku Pipelines and Facilities in Wayne--before the deal closed April 15.
This second amendment removed three facilities and 17 pipelines from the deal, according to an appendix attached to the receivership report, which then became the responsibility of the Alberta Energy Regulator. The receivership report says Manitok owes Kneehill County, where Wayne is located, about $66,000 in outstanding taxes for 2017 and 2018, plus an estimated $37,000 for 2019, assuming the assessment for that year is the same as 2018.
But the costs in foregone taxes pale in comparison to the millions the public spends decommissioning the orphan assets, says Boychuk.
He says it costs around $229,000 on average to plug and reclaim wells, with related pipelines and facilities doubling that cost.
Without knowing how many of the wells have been decommissioned already, Boychuk used $200,000 as a rough estimate of per-well costs. At 181 orphan wells, Manitok's orphan wells will have a clean-up cost in the realm of $72 million dollars.
On Jan. 31, 2019, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that insolvent energy companies have an obligation to pay off their environmental liabilities before reimbursing creditors, dubbed the Redwater decision, a ruling supported by the AER and OWA.
“The law’s on our side,” says Boychuk. “We can hold these folks accountable, but we have the same dilemma we’ve always had in Alberta — the sheriff won’t take his gun out of his holster, he won’t hold this industry accountable and, as far as complaints go from citizens to the regulator, the door’s locked.”
AER says it acted appropriately .
The AER’s Directive 067 of December 2017 allows the regulator to revoke or restrict licence eligibility for oil and gas development.
“Acquiring and holding a licence or approval for energy development in Alberta is a privilege, not a right,” reads the directive’s preamble.
AER spokesperson Shawn Roth says the regulator found out Manitok shared owners with Persist through a material change submission in June 2019--two months after the deal closed.
“The AER conducted a review and found that the change did not pose an unreasonable risk to public safety or the environment,” Roth wrote in an email to Progress Alberta.
Prior to this revelation, the AER made Persist “purchase and perform abandonment and reclamation work on infrastructure that was not part of the original sales agreement” to lessen the load on the OWA, he said. In total, Roth says Persist purchased a total of 942 wells, facilities and pipelines from Manitok. Manitok, by contrast, has 494 wells, facilities and pipelines registered with the OWA.
“These transactions reduced the amount of inventory sent to the OWA,” said Roth. “No other parties expressed interest in the Manitok inventory.”
Barry Robinson, a Calgary-based lawyer with environmental law charity Ecojustice, says the issue is whether the unproductive assets the AER required Persist to purchase will ultimately end up with the OWA.
“That’s the interesting question — the remaining properties that the trustee holds, which are non-productive, did the trustee get enough funds to do the cleanup on those, or are they going to end up in the orphan well program,” Robinson said.
While it’s completely legitimate for a bankrupt company to sell off its assets to pay off creditors, it’s another matter when those assets are sold to a company owned by the same people, he said.
“Why would they have allowed the transfer of the viable properties, unless they had some insurance that it was going to create enough income, enough value, to carry out the reclamation of the non-productive properties,” said Robinson. “We don’t know that.”
Kneehill kneecapped
Kneehill County’s top administrator says municipalities don’t have the resources to suss out shady transactions. That is the AER’s role.
“It’s outside our jurisdiction. We just sort of have to deal with the hand we’re dealt,” chief administrative officer Mike Haugen told Progress Alberta
He said the county lacks access to information on the inner workings of the various energy companies operating on its land.
“When assets switch company hands, we of course find that out for tax purposes, but we don’t have information on ownership or things like that,” Haugen said.
The taxable value of energy-related assets depreciates as the facilities age, making it difficult to determine definitively how much tax revenue is being foregone in the long-term, he added.
“Whether it’s one company or another company that owns it, we’re still taxing it and getting income,” said Haugen.
“Our concern is more broad and shared by most Albertans — what’s going to happen to these orphan wells? Somebody’s paying for them to be decommissioned or taken care of. That’s not the municipality, it’s the taxpayer through the Orphan Well Association.”
The federal government has announced $1 billion in bailout funds to assist Alberta in paying for abandoned well cleanup, but few details have been released about how that money would be distributed. If it's the AER and the UCP making the call, these bad actors in the industry might not just get away with these dumping schemes--they may get paid for them, too.